Tsvety LL.M.

Consequential Damages and Foreseeability in Contract Law A breach of contract can cause more than the immediate loss of the promised performance. Sometimes the loss is straightforward. A seller fails to deliver goods, and the buyer has to pay more for replacement goods. A contractor performs defective work, and the Read more

Reliance Damages and Restitution in Contract Law When a contract is breached, the injured party may suffer a loss in more than one way. Sometimes the loss is the value of the bargain that was never received. That is the territory of expectation damages. But sometimes the more immediate problem Read more

Expectation Damages in Contract Law When a contract is broken, one of the first questions the law must answer is simple but fundamental: What should the injured party receive as compensation? The most important answer in contract law is the doctrine of expectation damages. Expectation damages are designed to put Read more

Capacity to Contract: Who Can Enter a Binding Contract? Contract law generally assumes that people who make agreements understand what they are doing and have the legal ability to make binding commitments. But that assumption is not always justified. A person may be too young to make certain contracts fully Read more

Assignment vs. Delegation: What’s the Difference? Contracts are usually made between specific parties. But contractual relationships do not always remain exactly the same throughout their entire existence. A party may want to transfer the right to receive payment to someone else. Another party may want someone else to perform a Read more

Third-Party Beneficiary Rights in Contract Law A contract does not always benefit only the people who sign it. Sometimes two parties enter into an agreement specifically to provide a legal or financial benefit to someone else. That person may never have negotiated the contract, signed it, or provided consideration. Yet Read more

Privity of Contract: Who Can Enforce a Contract? A contract can affect many people, but that does not mean every person affected by a contract has the right to enforce it. This simple observation lies at the heart of the doctrine of privity of contract. Privity generally means that a Read more

Specific Performance as a Contract Remedy When one party breaches a contract, the most familiar remedy is money damages. A court calculates the injured party’s legally recoverable loss and orders the breaching party to pay. But money is not always enough. Sometimes the thing promised under the contract is so Read more

Liquidated Damages vs. Penalties in Contract Law When parties enter into a contract, they sometimes know that a breach could cause financial harm. Instead of waiting for a dispute to occur and calculating damages afterward, they may agree in advance on the amount that will be payable if a particular Read more