European Union Citizenship: Rights, Status, and the Relationship With Nationality 1. Introduction Citizenship of the European Union is one of the most distinctive features of the European legal order. It gives individuals a legal status that exists alongside their national citizenship and connects them directly to the institutions, rights, and Read more
The UK Immigration and Nationality System: Legal Sources, Institutions, and Decision-Making Introduction The United Kingdom’s immigration and nationality system is a complex legal framework governing who may enter the country, who may remain, under what conditions permission to stay may be granted, and how individuals may acquire, retain, or lose Read more
Employment Authorization Employment authorization is the legal permission that allows certain foreign nationals to work in the United States. Under U.S. immigration law, the ability to work is not automatically determined by whether a person is physically present in the country. It depends upon the person’s immigration status, immigration category, Read more
Consular Processing Consular processing is the procedure through which an eligible foreign national applies for an immigrant visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad and, if the visa is approved, uses that visa to seek admission to the United States as a lawful permanent resident. It is the principal Read more
Adjustment of Status Adjustment of Status is the process through which certain foreign nationals who are already physically present in the United States may apply to become lawful permanent residents without leaving the country to obtain an immigrant visa at a U.S. consulate abroad. It is one of the principal Read more
Immigration Detention Immigration detention is the government’s authority to hold certain noncitizens in custody while immigration authorities determine their status, pursue removal, or complete other immigration procedures. Unlike criminal incarceration, immigration detention is generally civil rather than criminal. Its primary legal purpose is immigration-related: ensuring that a person remains available Read more
Removal Proceedings Removal proceedings are the formal legal proceedings through which the United States government seeks to determine whether a noncitizen may remain in the United States or must be removed to another country. The modern removal system was created by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of Read more
Asylum in the United States Asylum is a form of protection under U.S. immigration law for certain foreign nationals who cannot safely return to their countries because they have suffered persecution or have a well-founded fear of persecution on account of a legally protected characteristic. Unlike ordinary immigration pathways based Read more
Employment-Based Immigration Employment-based immigration is one of the principal pathways through which foreign nationals may obtain permission to live and work in the United States on a permanent basis. Unlike temporary employment visas, which generally authorize a person to work in the United States for a defined period and under Read more
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